Detailed discussions of the recent developments in carcinogensis and anticancer chemotherapy. The involvement of various cell signaling routes. Such as receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, ras-raf system, MAPK and phospohoinositol 3 kinase, etc…,the involvement of other cellular targets in the carcinogensis, such as topoisomerases, tubulin polymerization, telomerases, MDR factors, and the involvement of extracellular factors in carcinogenesis, such angiogenic factors, cytokines and related others. Examples on the development of recently introduced anticancer agents may be discussed.